hping3
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+ | ====== Hping3 ====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Help ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | usage: hping3 host [options]< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Man Page ===== | ||
+ | ==== Synopsis ==== | ||
+ | <div id''" | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping3** [**-hvnqVDzZ012WrfxykQbFSRPAUXYjJBuTG** ] [**-c** _count//] [**-i** _wait//] [**--fast** ] [**-I** _interface// | ||
+ | ==== Description ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 is a network tool able to send custom TCP/IP packets and to display target replies like ping program does with ICMP replies. hping3 handle fragmentation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Test firewall rules - Advanced port scanning - Test net performance using different protocols, packet size, TOS (type of service) and fragmentation. - Path MTU discovery - Transferring files between even really fascist firewall rules. - Traceroute-like under different protocols. - Firewalk-like usage. - Remote OS fingerprinting. - TCP/IP stack auditing. - A lot of others. | ||
+ | |||
+ | //It's also a good didactic tool to learn TCP/IP_. hping3 is developed and maintained by [[mailto: | ||
+ | ==== Hping Site ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | primary site at**[[http:// | ||
+ | ==== Base Options ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //-h --help// | ||
+ | $ _-v --version_: Show version information and API used to access to data link layer, _linux sock packet//or _libpcap.// | ||
+ | $ _-i --interval_: | ||
+ | $ _--faster_: Alias for -i u1. Faster then --fast ;) (but not as fast as your computer can send packets due to the signal-driven design). | ||
+ | $ _--flood_: Sent packets as fast as possible, without taking care to show incoming replies. This is ways faster than to specify the -i u0 option. | ||
+ | $ _-n --numeric_: Numeric output only, No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses. | ||
+ | $ _-q --quiet_: Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished. | ||
+ | $ _-I --interface interface name_: By default on linux and BSD systems hping3 uses default routing interface. In other systems or when there is no default route hping3 uses the first non-loopback interface. However you are able to force hping3 to use the interface you need using this option. Note: you don't need to specify the whole name, for example -I et will match eth0 ethernet0 myet1 et cetera. If no interfaces match hping3 will try to use lo. | ||
+ | $ _-V --verbose_: Enable verbose output. TCP replies will be shown as follows: < | ||
+ | $ _-D --debug_: Enable debug mode, it's useful when you experience some problem with hping3. When debug mode is enabled you will get more information about**interface detection, data link layer access, interface settings, options parsing, fragmentation, | ||
+ | $ _-z --bind_: Bind CTRL+Z to**time to live (TTL)** so you will able to increment/ | ||
+ | $ _-Z --unbind_: Unbind CTRL+Z so you will able to stop hping3. $ _--beep//< | ||
+ | ==== Protocol Selection ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Default protocol is TCP, by default hping3 will send tcp headers to target host's port 0 with a winsize of 64 without any tcp flag on. Often this is the best way to do an 'hide ping', useful when target is behind a firewall that drop ICMP. Moreover a tcp null-flag to port 0 has a good probability of not being logged. | ||
+ | $ _-0 --rawip_: RAW IP mode, in this mode hping3 will send IP header with data appended with --signature and/or --file, see also --ipproto that allows you to set the ip protocol field. | ||
+ | $ _-1 --icmp_: ICMP mode, by default hping3 will send ICMP echo-request, | ||
+ | $ _-2 --udp_: UDP mode, by default hping3 will send udp to target host's port 0. UDP header tunable options are the following: | ||
+ | $ _-8 --scan_: Scan mode, the option expects an argument that describes groups of ports to scan. port groups are comma separated: a number describes just a single port, so 1,2,3 means port 1, 2 and 3. ranges are specified using a start-end notation, like 1-1000, that tell hping to scan ports between 1 and 1000 (included). the special word**all** is an alias for 0-65535, while the special word**known** includes all the ports listed in / | ||
+ | $ _-9 --listen signature_: HPING3 listen mode, using this option hping3 waits for packet that contain _signature// | ||
+ | ==== IP Related Options ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //-a --spoof hostname// | ||
+ | $ _--rand-source_: | ||
+ | $ _--rand-dest_: | ||
+ | $ _-t --ttl time to live_: Using this option you can set**TTL (time to live)** of outgoing packets, it's likely that you will use this with**--traceroute** or**--bind** options. If in doubt try '< | ||
+ | $ _-N --id_: Set ip-& | ||
+ | $ _-H --ipproto_: Set the ip protocol in RAW IP mode. | ||
+ | $ _-W --winid_: id from Windows** systems before Win2k has different byte ordering, if this option is enable hping3 will properly display id replies from those Windows. | ||
+ | $ _-r --rel_: Display id increments instead of id. See the**HPING3-HOWTO** for more information. Increments aren't computed as id[N]-id[N-1] but using packet loss compensation. See relid.c for more information. | ||
+ | $ _-f --frag_: Split packets in more fragments, this may be useful in order to test IP stacks fragmentation performance and to test if some packet filter is so weak that can be passed using tiny fragments (anachronistic). Default ' | ||
+ | $ _-x --morefrag_: | ||
+ | $ _-y --dontfrag_: | ||
+ | $ _-g --fragoff fragment offset value_: Set the fragment offset. | ||
+ | $ _-m --mtu mtu value_: Set different ' | ||
+ | $ _-o --tos hex_tos_: Set**Type Of Service (TOS)**, for more information try**--tos help**. | ||
+ | $ _-G --rroute_: Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in each packet sent and displays the route buffer of returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes. Many hosts ignore or discard this option. Also note that using hping you are able to use record route even if target host filter ICMP. Record route is an IP option, not an ICMP option, so you can use record route option even in TCP and UDP mode. | ||
+ | ==== Icmp Related Options ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //-C --icmptype type//Set icmp type, default is**ICMP echo request** (implies --icmp). | ||
+ | $ _-K --icmpcode code_: Set icmp code, default is 0 (implies --icmp). | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-ipver_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-iphlen_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-iplen_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-ipid_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-ipproto_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-cksum_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-ts_: | ||
+ | $ _--icmp-addr_: | ||
+ | ==== TCP/UDP RELATED OPTIONS ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //-s --baseport source port// | ||
+ | $ _-p --destport [+|+]dest port_: Set destination port, default is 0. If ' | ||
+ | $ _-w --win_: Set TCP window size. Default is 64. | ||
+ | $ _-O --tcpoff_: Set fake tcp data offset. Normal data offset is tcphdrlen / 4. | ||
+ | $ _-M --setseq_: Set the TCP sequence number. | ||
+ | $ _-L --setack_: Set the TCP ack. | ||
+ | $ _-Q --seqnum_: This option can be used in order to collect sequence numbers generated by target host. This can be useful when you need to analyze whether TCP sequence number is predictable. Output example: < | ||
+ | $ _-b --badcksum_: | ||
+ | $ _--tcp-timestamp_: | ||
+ | $ _-F --fin_: Set FIN tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-S --syn_: Set SYN tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-R --rst_: Set RST tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-P --push_: Set PUSH tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-A --ack_: Set ACK tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-U --urg_: Set URG tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-X --xmas_: Set Xmas tcp flag. | ||
+ | $ _-Y --ymas_: Set Ymas tcp flag. | ||
+ | ==== Common Options ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | //-d --data data size//Set packet body size. Warning, using --data 40 hping3 will not generate 0 byte packets but protocol_header+40 bytes. hping3 will display packet size information as first line output, like this: | ||
+ | $ _-E --file filename_: Use**filename** contents to fill packet' | ||
+ | $ _-e --sign signature_: Fill first _signature length// | ||
+ | $ _-j --dump_: Dump received packets in hex. | ||
+ | $ _-J --print_: Dump received packets' | ||
+ | $ _-B --safe_: Enable safe protocol, using this option lost packets in file transfers will be resent. For example in order to send file /etc/passwd from host A to host B you may use the following: < | ||
+ | $ _-u --end_: If you are using _--file filename// | ||
+ | $ _-T --traceroute_: | ||
+ | $ _--tr-keep-ttl_: | ||
+ | $ _--tr-stop_: | ||
+ | $ _--tr-no-rtt_: | ||
+ | $ _--tcpexitcode_: | ||
+ | ==== Tcp Output Format ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The standard TCP output format is the following: | ||
+ | |||
+ | len'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **len** is the size, in bytes, of the data captured from the data link layer excluding the data link header size. This may not match the IP datagram size due to low level transport layer padding. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **ip** is the source ip address. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **flags** are the TCP flags, R for RESET, S for SYN, A for ACK, F for FIN, P for PUSH, U for URGENT, X for not standard 0x40, Y for not standard 0x80. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the reply contains**DF** the IP header has the don't fragment bit set. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **seq** is the sequence number of the packet, obtained using the source port for TCP/UDP packets, the sequence field for ICMP packets. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **id** is the IP ID field. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **win** is the TCP window size. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **rtt** is the round trip time in milliseconds. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you run hping using the**-V** command line switch it will display additional information about the packet, example: | ||
+ | |||
+ | len'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **tos** is the type of service field of the IP header. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **iplen** is the IP total len field. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **seq and ack** are the sequence and acknowledge 32bit numbers in the TCP header. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **sum** is the TCP header checksum value. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **urp** is the TCP urgent pointer value. | ||
+ | ==== Udp Output Format ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The standard output format is: | ||
+ | |||
+ | len'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The field meaning is just the same as the TCP output meaning of the same fields. | ||
+ | ==== Icmp Output Format ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | An example of ICMP output is: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ICMP Port Unreachable from ip'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is very simple to understand. It starts with the string " | ||
+ | |||
+ | The ICMP Time exceeded during transit or reassembly format is a bit different: | ||
+ | |||
+ | TTL 0 during transit from ip'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | TTL 0 during reassembly from ip'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The only difference is the description of the error, it starts with TTL 0. | ||
+ | ==== Author ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Salvatore Sanfilippo < [[mailto: | ||
+ | ==== Bugs ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Even using the --end and --safe options to transfer files the final packet will be padded with 0x00 bytes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Data is read without care about alignment, but alignment is enforced in the data structures. This will not be a problem under i386 but, while usually the TCP/IP headers are naturally aligned, may create problems with different processors and bogus packets if there is some unaligned access around the code (hopefully none). | ||
+ | |||
+ | On solaris hping does not work on the loopback interface. This seems a solaris problem, as stated in the tcpdump-workers mailing list, so the libpcap can't do nothing to handle it properly. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Examples ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Often considered a complementary tool to Nmap, hping is used for network scanning, as well as crafting TCP/IP packets. Please note that given the packet crafting involved, if you are running as root yet you receive an error saying that the operation is not permitted it could be due to a host firewall. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets to port 0 on host example.com (note that hping will increment the source port by 1 for each packet sent): | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -V** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets to port 443 on host example.com: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -V -p 443** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP packets to port 443 on host example.com with the SYN + ACK flags set: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -A -V -p 443** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP packets to port 443 on host example.com with the SYN + ACK + FIN flags set: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -A -F -V -p 443** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets every 5 seconds to port 443 on host example.com: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -V -p 443 -i 5** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets every 100,000 microseconds (i.e. every 0.1 second or 10 per second) to port 443 on host example.com. Note that verbose has been removed: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -p 443 -i u100000** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets every 10,000 microseconds (i.e. every 0.01 second or 100 per second) to port 443 on host example.com: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -p 443 -i u10000** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send TCP SYN packets every 10,000 microseconds (i.e. every 0.01 second or 100 per second) to port 443 on host example.com. Stop after 500 packets: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -S -p 443 -i u10000 -c 500** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send UDP packets to port 111 on host example.com (argument --udp can be substituted with -2): | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com --udp -V -p 111** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send ICMP echo request packets to host example.com (argument --icmp can be substituted with -1): | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com --icmp -V** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send ICMP timestamp request packets to host example.com: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com --icmp --icmp-ts -V** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Portscan TCP ports 100 to 110 on host example.com (argument --scan can be substituted with -8) | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -V --scan 100-110** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send UDP packets spoofed to be from source host 192.168.1.150 to host example.com | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com --udp --spoof 192.168.1.150** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send UDP packets spoofed to be from various random source IP addresses to host example.com | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com --udp --rand-source** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send UDP packets with the data portion padded with 100 bytes to host example.com | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -V --udp --data 100** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Send UDP packets with the data portion padded with 100 bytes but containing the contents of payload.txt to host example.com (the payload will be truncated if it is smaller than what is specified by the --data argument) | ||
+ | |||
+ | **hping example.com -V --udp --file payload.txt --data 100** | ||
+ | ===== More Examples ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 1. (SYN Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -S | ||
+ | |||
+ | -c 1 – count aka number of packets to send | ||
+ | |||
+ | -p 80 – destination port number | ||
+ | |||
+ | -S – turn on the SYN flag in the packet | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 2. (ACK Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -A | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 3. (RST Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -R | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 4. (FIN Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -F | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 5. (PUSH Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -P | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 6. (URG Packet) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -p 80 -U | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 7. (ICMP Echo) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -1 -C | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 8. (ICMP TimeStamp) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -1 -K 13 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 9. (All ICMP Types) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 127.0.0.1 -c 1 -1 & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Example 10. (Resolve host to ip) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | At your shell type hping3 then hit enter. It should look like the following: | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3& | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now type: | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping resolve www.compuhowto.com and it will resolve the host to its ip address. | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== How to test the rules of your firewall by example using hping3 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | In this how to I will be showing you a few ways you can test your firewall to see what is allowed and what is not. I will be testing the rules of a WRT54G v2 router with the newest Linksys firmware. These tests will be from the WAN since testing from the LAN would not be practical to someone trying to get through the perimeter. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The process in which we want to take is to first determine if something is actually at the ip address, second can we determine what is at the other end, and finally are there any open ports. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let us start by simply sending a icmp echo command and see if we get a reply. | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -1 208.81.226.42< | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox:/# | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | No reply! Good so the router is not responding to pings from the WAN. So how do we even know if anything is actually at that ip address? What if we tried to do a half-open SYN connection to the http port (80). Since most routers have an admin login (sometimes allowing remote login from the web). Issue the following command: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 80 -S 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -s '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -p '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -S '' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox:/# | ||
+ | |||
+ | using eth0, addr: 192.168.2.108, | ||
+ | |||
+ | HPING 208.81.226.42 (eth0 208.81.226.42): | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1 packets transmitted, | ||
+ | |||
+ | round-trip min/avg/max '' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | From the result we still get no reply. Now lets try a little test of no flags which is called a null scan and we will see later that hping3 has an option built in for it. If it works and something is there we should get a RST packet back. Type the following hping3 command: | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 80 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox:/# | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Success! We got a RST+ACK packet sent back to us. So now we know for sure something is at the ip-address, but was this a fluke? Will the same result happen to a port that might not exist (port 3486). Lets run the same test using a different non existing (hopefully) port. So change the & | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 3486 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Same result we get a RST+ACK back again. So now what? We have made sure that some kind of equipment is there and it does respond. Lets move on to another kind of test we will come back to the port testing later. Lets see what happens when we do a icmp timestamp request (icmp type 13). | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -1 -C 13 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -1 '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -C 13 '' | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox:/# | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | No luck there. If it would of succeeded you would seen the exact time set on the remote host. Most routers/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Next will try the icmp address subnet mask test. What we hope will happen is this. We send the packet the remote end replies back with the subnet mask for the local network. (the more we know is better) | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -1 -C 17 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -C 17 '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox:/# | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | No response from this either. I was not expecting this to work, but again you don& | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 53 -F 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -F '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox: | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | We received a RST+ACK back. What we are wanting to see with this scan is not a reply back from the ip if we do not receive a reply then that port will be open. If you firewall rules are working correctly though it should send a RST+ACK back even if the port is open. | ||
+ | |||
+ | So now lets move on to the next flag to set. This next one will be using the ACK flag. Using the ACK flag in a probe will help us determine if a host is at the ip we are probing. If the host is not responding to pings from the outside then you can use the ACK flag to probe a port that is most likely open (aka 80,8080). | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 80 -A 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -A '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox: | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | We are looking for a RST packet to be sent back from the host. In this example we did receive a packet back and so we know that there is something at that ip. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Next scan to be used is known as the XMAS scan. What this does is set the seqence number to zero and set the URG + PSH + FIN flags in the packet. | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 8080 -M 0 -UPF 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -M 0 '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -U '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -P '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | -F '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox: | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the target device& | ||
+ | |||
+ | The next and final example of this how to will show you the NULL scan. What this scan does is set the sequence number to zero and have no flags set in the packet. | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | hping3 -c 1 -V -I eth0 -s 8765 -p 8080 -Y 208.81.226.42 | ||
+ | |||
+ | -Y '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | root@Ububox: | ||
+ | |||
+ | — 208.81.226.42 hping statistic & | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the target device& | ||
+ | ===== References ===== | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | -- Main.FredPettis - 2012-05-29 | ||
hping3.txt · Last modified: 2013/01/28 04:29 by 127.0.0.1